CHAPTER 3: The Civilization of Greece, 1000–400 B.C.E.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

    1.    Although the history of Greece before the rise of the polis is largely undocumented and therefore difficult to study thoroughly, it seems clear that the:

a.    population of mainland Greece rose steadily throughout the period.

b.    early Greeks had no developed concept of heroic ideals or epic poetry.

c.    early Greeks had little interest in religion or the gods.

d.    early Greeks were living in a period of cultural isolation and economic stasis.

e.    early Greeks traded extensively with the rest of the ancient world.

ANS:    D    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 77    OBJ:    1

TOP:    I    MSC:    Understanding        

    2.    The relationship of the Archaic Greeks to their gods was:

a.    one of trust and familial loyalty.

b.    one of suspicion and appeasement.

c.    an impersonal relationship that cultivated independence in the Greek people.

d.    a personal relationship with gods who were considered to be positive forces in Greek culture and individual welfare.

e.    ambivalent as the Greeks never completely accepted the existence of gods.

ANS:    B    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 76    OBJ:    1

TOP:    II    MSC:    Applying

    3.    The Greeks referred to some people with whom they came into contact as barbarians because they:

a.    wore their hair long and had beards.

b.    fought without any regard for the formalities of war.

c.    worshiped gods different from the Greeks.

d.    were nomadic peoples.

e.    did not speak Greek.

ANS:    E    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 76    OBJ:    1

TOP:    I    MSC:    Remembering        

    4.    Those Greeks who were able to accumulate wealth during the chaotic, isolated period:

a.    eventually emerged as the Greek aristocracy.

b.    carefully avoided acts of piracy and military confrontation.

c.    founded the first religious temples and rejected the “heroic ideal.”

d.    are known to historians today as “pre-Socratic” philosophers.

e.    colonized the islands of the Aegean Sea.

ANS:    A    DIF:    Easy    REF:    page 77    OBJ:    1

TOP:    II, A    MSC:    Remembering        

    5.    The Iliad and the Odyssey:

a.    are epic poems with no foundation in historical events.

b.    provide evidence about early and Archaic Greece.

c.    were composed in the Classical Period but were based on older, oral sources.

d.    are the first examples of epic poetry from the ancient world.

e.    are unquestionably based on the historical events of Mycenaean Greece.

ANS:    B    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 77    OBJ:    1

TOP:    II, A    MSC:    Applying

    6.    The best men or aristoi of early Greece modeled their behavior on:

a.    the Babylonian military class.

b.    wealthy Phoenician traders.

c.    the heroes of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

d.    the heroes of the Epic of Gilgamesh.

e.    Persian soldiers.

ANS:    C    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 77    OBJ:    1

TOP:    II, A    MSC:    Remembering        

    7.    Hubris is _________ , which was punished by the gods.

a.    excessive pride    d.    excessive wrath

b.    excessive wealth    e.    excessive beauty

c.    excessive strength

ANS:    A    DIF:    Easy    REF:    page 77    OBJ:    1

TOP:    II    MSC:    Understanding        

    8.    The growing class of aristocrats at the end of the early age of Greece made their wealth by:

a.    heavy taxation of the temples.

b.    engaging in trade and commercial enterprises.

c.    conquest and colonization.

d.    exploiting the discovery of new silver mines in the highlands.

e.    piracy and plundering the peasant class.

ANS:    B    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 77    OBJ:    1

TOP:    II, A    MSC:    Remembering        

    9.    Members of the Greek aristocracy created networks of economic, political, and social influence through the practice of:

a.    war.    d.    multinational trade.

b.    guest friendship.    e.    highly ritualized diplomatic meetings.

c.    colonization.

ANS:    B    DIF:    Difficult    REF:    page 77    OBJ:    1

TOP:    II, A    MSC:    Remembering        

    10.    The Greeks became literate again during the ninth century B.C.E. by adopting:

a.    cuneiform script from the Assyrians.    d.    the Hebrew alphabet.

b.    Egyptian hieroglyphics.    e.    the Etruscan alphabet.

c.    the Phoenician alphabet.

ANS:    C    DIF:    Easy    REF:    page 79    OBJ:    1

TOP:    II, B    MSC:    Remembering        

    11.    The Greek polis was:

a.    a collective group organized around an agora.

b.    a well-armed militia of all adult men aged twenty-one to sixty.

c.    a central marketplace close to the harbor.

d.    a protected area around the temple.

e.    the highest fortified ground within a city.

ANS:    A    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 80    OBJ:    1

TOP:    II, B    MSC:    Understanding        

    12.    The ancient Greek synoikismos or synoecism meant:

a.    borrowing useful inventions from Egypt, Israel, Assyria, and Persia.

b.    combining the best of ancient cultures to make a better society.

c.    the gradual coming together of a people into a unified political and geographic entity.

d.    disbelief in the goodness of the gods.

e.    the act of banishing a citizen from a city for a limited period of time.

ANS:    C    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 80    OBJ:    1

TOP:    II, B    MSC:    Understanding        

    13.    By the sixth century B.C.E., the Greeks founded numerous colonies around the Mediterranean basin. The most historically significant colonies were located in:

a.    France and North Africa.    d.    Egypt and Palestine.

b.    Anatolia and Italy.    e.    the Levant and Mesopotamia.

c.    Syria and the Black Sea.

ANS:    B    DIF:    Easy    REF:    page 80    OBJ:    1

TOP:    III, A    MSC:    Remembering        

    14.    The Archaic Age of Greece begins with the emergence of the polis and the return of writing, but most of what we know of the period comes from the particular perspective of the:

a.    Corinthians.    d.    Athenians.

b.    Spartans.    e.    Persians.

c.    Thebans.

ANS:    D    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 80    OBJ:    1

TOP:    III    MSC:    Remembering        

    15.    Panhellenic festivals in ancient Greece included:

a.    national memorial days to honor those killed in wars.

b.    devout expressions of the entrepreneurial spirit.

c.    open invitations to other peoples to join the feasts.

d.    poetic competitions and parades only.

e.    athletic contests honoring the gods.

ANS:    E    DIF:    Easy    REF:    pages 81–82    OBJ:    4

TOP:    III, A    MSC:    Applying

    16.    After hoplites were introduced in Greece:

a.    the chaos of early Greece ended and the Age of Enlightenment began.

b.    aristocrats lost their monopoly on military prowess.

c.    foot soldiers could not withstand armed men on horses.

d.    individual soldiers did not have to keep armor and weapons.

e.    democracy became the type of government for all of Greece.

ANS:    B    DIF:    Difficult    REF:    page 83    OBJ:    2

TOP:    III, B    MSC:    Understanding        

    17.    Since every polis needed hoplites:

a.    production increased dramatically.

b.    more athletic contests and public spectacles were required.

c.    poleis were forced to grant more political power to them.

d.    farmers suffered losses at their expense.

e.    taxes needed to increase in order to arm them.

ANS:    C    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 83    OBJ:    2

TOP:    III, B    MSC:    Understanding        

    18.    In the symposiums of Archaic Age Greece, aristocrats:

a.    enjoyed wine and listened to poetry.

b.    were introduced to respectable women who might become future wives and confidantes.

c.    discussed matters of state and edited important political documents.

d.    competed in athletic games against men from all social levels.

e.    engaged in philosophical debates concerning aesthetics.

ANS:    A    DIF:    Easy    REF:    page 84    OBJ:    4

TOP:    III, C, 1    MSC:    Remembering        

    19.    Homosocial relationships between men of the aristocratic class in Ancient Greece were part of:

a.    ritual religious practices.

b.    a mentoring process for young men.

c.    military bonding rituals.

d.    a Greek movement to embrace more liberal sexual practices.

e.    a protest to end the Peloponnesian War.

ANS:    B    DIF:    Moderate    REF:    page 84    OBJ:    4

TOP:    III, C, 1    MSC:    Applying

    20.    A Greek aristocrat who seized power and ruled outside the traditional constitutional framework was called a:

a.    monarch.    d.    tyrant.

b.    demagogue.    e.    philosopher king.

c.    hoplite.

ANS:    D    DIF:    Easy    REF:    page 85    OBJ:    4

TOP:    III, C, 2    MSC:    Remembering